Has Computerization Changed Translation?

Has Feminism Changed Physics?

Stuxnet: What Has Changed?

This paper considers the impact of Stuxnet on cyber-attacks and cyber-defense. It first reviews trends in cyber-weapons and how Stuxnet fits into these trends. Because Stuxnet targeted an industrial control system in order to wreak physical damage, the focus is on weapons that target systems of that type and produce physical effects. The paper then examines the impact of Stuxnet on various doma...

Has Scientific Communication Changed in 300 Years?

In a recent editorial I discussed the future of scientific publication. 1 I mentioned Joshua Lederberg’s EUGRAM— the process of sending messages and “publishing” papers via computer terminals. z While Lederberg’s preview of the future may cause some readers “future shock, ” I wondered how much different publication will be in 2001 than it was 300 years ago. Although the technology of producing ...

Has NAFTA Changed North American Trade?

Typi cally, the debate over NAFTA has focused on jobs. However, to really understand NAFTA's effects on employment or living standards, it is important to first answer the more fundamental question of what effect it has had on trade. The North American Free Trade Agreement has been one of the most hotly debated trade accords in recent history. NAFTA's critics regard the expansion of free trade ...

Celiac Disease in Children: What Has Changed?

The perception of celiac disease (CD) has changed dramatically during the last two decades, with the introduction of new serological tests with high specificity and sensitivity. CD prevalence in recent years is increasing as it is for other autoimmune diseases. Due to the high prevalence of CD, it is one of the most important diseases of the digestive tract. The clinical manifestations of CD ha...